Fraxinus

 ( Medicinal Plants ) 

Section Dipetalae

• Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Watson – singleleaf ash
• Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn. – California ash or two-petal ash
• Fraxinus parryi Moran – Chaparral ash
• Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. – blue ash
• Fraxinus trifoliolata

Section Fraxinus

• Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl – narrow-leaved ash
• Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa – Caucasian ash
• Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. syriaca
• Fraxinus excelsior L. – European ash
• Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. – Manchurian ash
• Fraxinus nigra Marshall – black ash
• Fraxinus pallisiae Wilmott – Pallis' ash
• Fraxinus sogdiana – Tianshan ash

Section Melioides sensu lato

• Fraxinus chiisanensis – Jirisan ash
• Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. – fragrant ash
• Fraxinus platypoda – Chinese red ash
• Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh. – Späth's ash

Section Melioides sensu stricto

• Fraxinus albicans Buckley – Texas ash
• Fraxinus americana L. – white ash or American ash
• Fraxinus berlandieriana DC. – Mexican ash
• Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. – Carolina ash
• Fraxinus latifolia Benth. – Oregon ash
• Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh. – Chihuahua ash
• Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall – green ash
• Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush – pumpkin ash
• Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. – Shamel ash or Tropical ash
• Fraxinus velutina Torr. – velvet ash or Arizona ash

Section Ornus

• Fraxinus apertisquamifera
• Fraxinus baroniana
• Fraxinus bungeana DC. – Bunge's ash
• Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. – Chinese ash or Korean ash
• Fraxinus floribunda Wall. – Himalayan manna ash
• Fraxinus griffithii C.B.Clarke – Griffith's ash
• Fraxinus insularis Hemsl. – Chinese flowering ash
• Fraxinus japonica – Japanese ash
• Fraxinus lanuginosa – Japanese ash
• Fraxinus longicuspis
• Fraxinus malacophylla
• Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh.
• Fraxinus ornus L. – manna ash or flowering ash
• Fraxinus paxiana Lingelsh.
• Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume – Japanese flowering ash

Section Pauciflorae

• Fraxinus dubia
• Fraxinus gooddingii – Goodding's ash
• Fraxinus greggii A.Gray – Gregg's ash
• Fraxinus purpusii
• Fraxinus rufescens

Section Sciadanthus

• Fraxinus dimorpha
• Fraxinus hubeiensis Ch'u & Shang & Su – 湖北梣, Hubei qin
• Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G.Don) Wall. ex DC. – Afghan ash

Ash species provide habitat and food for the larvae of many insects including , plant bugs, , , and , as well as birds and mammals.

The emerald ash borer ( Agrilus planipennis), is a wood-boring beetle accidentally introduced to North America from eastern Asia via solid wood packing material in the late 1980s to early 1990s. It has killed tens of millions of trees in 22 states in the United States and neighbouring Ontario and Quebec in Canada. It threatens some seven billion ash trees in North America. Three native Asian wasp species, natural predators of the beetle, have been evaluated as possible biological controls. The public was cautioned to avoid transporting unfinished wood products, such as firewood, to slow the spread of the pest. Damage occurs when emerald ash borer larvae feed on the inner bark, phloem of ash trees, preventing nutrient and water transportation.

The European ash, Fraxinus excelsior, has been affected by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, causing chalara ash dieback in a large number of trees since the mid-1990s, particularly in eastern and northern Europe. The disease has infected about 90% of Denmark's ash trees. In 2012 in the UK, ash dieback was found in mature woodland. BBC News 'Ash dieback' fungus, Chalara fraxinea found in UK countryside. Retrieved 25 October 2012. The combination of emerald ash borer and ash dieback has threatened ash populations in Europe, but trees in mixed landscapes appear to have some resistance to the disease.

File:Agrilus planipennis 001.jpg|Emerald ash borer
adult File:Eablarva.jpg|Emerald ash borer larva File:Bore remnants.jpg|Emerald ash borer damage on a fallen trunk File:Chalara ash dieback - symptoms - 39.jpg|Chalara ash dieback File:Canker on Ash.JPG|Canker on an ash tree